(N/A) Definition: The process of mixing one $ns$ orbital and two $np$ orbitals of an atom with comparable energies to form three equivalent new orbitals is called $sp^{2}$ hybridization. The resulting orbitals are known as $sp^{2}$ hybrid orbitals.
Characteristics:
$1$. Each $sp^{2}$ hybrid orbital has $33.3\%$ $s$-character and $66.6\%$ $p$-character.
$2$. The three $sp^{2}$ hybrid orbitals are oriented in space at an angle of $120^{\circ}$ to minimize repulsion,resulting in a trigonal planar geometry.
$3$. Each $sp^{2}$ hybrid orbital consists of a large positive lobe and a small negative lobe.
$4$. These hybrid orbitals overlap with $s$,$p$,or other hybrid orbitals of adjacent atoms to form $\sigma$ bonds.
$5$. The three $\sigma$ bonds formed by these orbitals lie in the same plane at an angle of $120^{\circ}$.